Using Groucho Marx, illustrate the progression from vaudeville, to Essay

Utilizing Groucho Marx, represent the movement from vaudeville, to motion pictures, to radio, to TV throughout the entire existence of mainstream society. Be unequivocal about the time - Essay Example By examining the profession of Groucho Marx in detail, much about the historical backdrop of mainstream society could be scholarly. Marx, having lived and acted in the primary portion of the twentieth century, took the stand concerning the advances in the manner amusement will be created and conveyed. Henceforth, Marx’s progress as an entertainer is interlinked with the progressive mechanical headways of the day. (The Best of Groucho, 37) Vaudeville was an exceptionally creative type of amusement that was well known during the late nineteenth century and mid twentieth century. It included a progression of short however activity stuffed â€Å"acts† that could extend from parody plays to move and music to mimicry. The demonstrations were performed for an immediate crowd like the contemporary theater and thus required the entertainers to have characteristics of suddenness and gifts for advertisement libbing. Groucho Marx was a noticeable type of this type of amusement. The satire group of the Marx Brothers is best associated with how they initiated seizures of chuckling in the crowd. Groucho’s snappy mind and amusing abuse during the Vaudeville days are still recalled affectionately by his fans. (The Best of Groucho, 37) The Marx Brothers’ made a move into an increasingly ordinary type of execution craftsmanship when they worked for the Broadway show â€Å"I’ll Say She Is†. The accomplishment of this demonstrate prompted the more well known shows like The Cocoanuts (1925) and Animal Crackers (1928). This was about when quiet motion pictures were becoming the overwhelming focus. It prompted the two Cocoanuts and Animal Crackers being made into â€Å"talkies†. Its prosperity prompted further quiet film offers from Paramount Studios †Monkey Business (1931), Horse Feathers (1932) and Duck Soup (1933). Despite the fact that these motion pictures were viewed as works of art by the pundits, their film industry returns were sub-par, prompting theory that the Marx Brothers’ days in Hollywood were at an end. (Rosten 104). Be that as it may

Literary Terms (types of irony, metaphor, and simile) Flashcard

Abstract Terms (sorts of incongruity, illustration, and comparison)

Blog Archive Mission Admission New Stories in Interviews

Blog Archive Mission Admission New Stories in Interviews As candidates continue to interview, many have asked whether they are obliged to bring new information to their interviews or whether they can simply repeat the strong stories they offered in their essays. Well, the vast majority of interviews (CBS, Chicago, Tuck, Kellogg, Wharton, etc.) are blind. Your interviewer may have read the resume you sent (and actually, some  may not have!), but he/she will likely be unfamiliar with the breadth and depth of your accomplishments. So, you should not think that you are repeating yourself, but that you are simply showcasing the best of yourself. In the case of HBS, where the AdCom actually does read candidates’ essays  before interviews, you still do not need to fret, because HBS asks very specific questions.  Rarely will  an HBS interviewer ask an open-ended question like, “What is your greatest leadership accomplishment?” Instead, an HBS interviewer will likely ask about a particular story that he/she read about in your essays and delve deeperâ€"for example, “What made you choose to take a greater leadership role as a member of the board of charity X?” In  any case, candidates should rest easy and just focus on creating a connection with their interviewer. (A notable exception to this rule is MIT-Sloan, which uses its own Behavioral Events Interview Format.) Share ThisTweet Blogroll

Maintaining A Career As A Bartender - 991 Words

Working as a bartender can be a very fulfilling career for people that like a fast-paced and personable job setting. Unfortunately, it can be a hard environment for many people recovering from alcohol addiction. If you have a career as a bartender, but are trying to beat alcoholism, you don t need to feel helpless: there is a strong chance you can keep your career while in recovery. Is It Possible? Maintaining a career as a bartender during recovery is possible, but it isn t necessarily easy. You re obviously going to have to utilize out-patient rehabilitation care, as opposed to in-patient. Out-patient centers let you live at home, attend work, and live your life like normal. You ll still have to attend regular meetings and detoxify, but there will be no one to guide you through the process. For many bartenders, this will be a major challenge, but it can be incredibly liberating for others. Being able to maintain a normal lifestyle may help give them the motivation they need to live a sober life. Remember: in an out-patient program, you are your own boss and are in control of your own actions. The only person you have to answer to is yourself. In fact, for many people recovering from an alcohol addiction, going back to work as a bartender can serve as an important personal challenge. Being surrounded by alcohol and drinking will certainly test their self-control, and many people will relish in the chance to prove to themselves that they are more than capable ofShow MoreRelatedCase Analysis : Kindred Todd And The Ethics Of Od1431 Words   |  6 Pagespersonal values. The case study â€Å"Kindred Todd and the Ethics of OD† presents some ethical issues which arose for a recent master’s graduate during her first assignment as an applied practitioner and proposes some ethical concerns for anyone considering a career in organization development. Kindred Todd demonstrated desirable personal values throughout her assignment to the firm’s new client. In accordance with the Ethical Guidelines for an Organization Development/Human Systems Development Professional,Read MoreHallman Hotels : Mission Statement1620 Words   |  7 Pagesdependent on the hiring of excellent employees, consistent training of all employees throughout their careers, recognition of excellence within our organization and a total team effort in all areas of operations. HALLMAN HOTELS – EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES / NON DISCRIMINATION Hotel Hallman is an equal opportunity employment company in regards to the hiring of new employees as well as their career paths and compensation within the organization. There will be no discrimination of any individualRead MoreThe Hospitality Industry : A Broad Range Of Fields Within Service Industry Essay1632 Words   |  7 Pagesavailability of leisure time and disposable income. A hospitality unit such as a restaurant, hotel, or an amusement park consists of multiple groups such as facility maintenance and direct operations (servers, housekeepers, porters, kitchen workers, bartenders, management, marketing, and human resources etc.). Origin of Hospitality Industry The French word ‘hospice’ has been adapted to form the word ‘hospitality’ that means taking care of the travelers. The original word is still retained by a lot ofRead MoreErik Erikson s Theory Of Human Development Essay1750 Words   |  7 Pageswith a 20 year old caucasian female. She is not married and has no children. She works a part time job as a server/bartender at a restaurant. Currently, she is a junior in college with her major being strategic communications. Priorities Her current priorities in life right now include, spending time with her family, doing well in school, work, physical activity and maintaining strong relationships with her friends. Concerns In her life right now, her biggest concerns and worries areRead MoreEmployability Skills and Swot Analysis3044 Words   |  13 Pagesinteraction etc.) but less related with creative thinking and problem solving skills. The term ‘employability skills’ is also connected with other backgrounds, especially with Higher Education. The employability skills that identify me and my future career can be categorized in nine major groups of skills. The first groups of skills are the communication skills. The communication skills are the set of skills that allow an individual to transport information so that it is received and understoodRead MoreRitz Carlton Essay2111 Words   |  9 Pagesthe genuine comfort and care of our guests is our highest mission†.1 â€Å"Genuine comfort and care† is created by ensuring that employees are trained and motivated to be up to the task. Ultimately, individualized services such as custom pillows or the bartender keeping track of your favourite drink are the essence of the Ritz-Carlton experience. Culture – â€Å"Ladies and Gentlemen Serving Ladies Gentlemen† is at the heart of RCH’s history and culture. RCH suggests that employees join us, and not just workRead MoreEssay on Human Resources Labor Unions2533 Words   |  11 Pagesbetter working conditions to employees around the world. This document will explain the importance of unions and the role they play in today’s economy and work force and how a business can remain union free. Introduction When deciding on which career path to take and what corporation to work for doing substantial research on benefits, wages, and the working conditions of that particular company is essential. What most people do not realize is what it took for those benefits to be created. HistoryRead MorePUFFERS PASTRY And Caffe Business PLAN5289 Words   |  22 Pagespeople change their spending priorities. There are fewer trips to restaurants. A problem also in restaurants is finding dependable help who will stay with the business. Many restaurant employees tend to be younger and are attempting to move into a career. When either their schooling ends or they find their dream job, they move on. Often servers filling the positions are non-skilled, and tend to be single mothers or lower educated persons. These persons come with specific circumstances which mustRead MoreEssay about Learning Disability Dyslexia2685 Words   |  11 PagesLearning Disability Dyslexia Whether we graduate from highschool or college we all hope to find a challenging career that will propel us forward in todays society. For those suffering from dyslexia this only adds to the frustration and fears associated with seeking employment. Many adults with dyslexia or other forms of learning disabilities never disclose their disability in interviews or once employed for fear of being discriminated against. Several investigators have noted, however, that manyRead MoreStrategies Of Human Resources Management2940 Words   |  12 Pagesfelon. †¢ 1990-2008 - Today we see hordes of young people drawing on themselves with free abandon, (almost 30% of people in the 1980 s). These people do not understand that a tattoo may effectively prohibit them from pursuing some professional careers, regardless of their other qualifications. It is aparent that tattoo’s have gained popularity. Unfortunately, unless you are a pro athlete, tattoo’s are normally not authorized for display to the customer. Piercings used to be only in your ears and

How to Approach a Teacher With a Concern

Even the best teachers make an occasional mistake. We are not perfect, and most of us will admit our failures. Great teachers will proactively inform  parents immediately when they realize they have made a mistake. Most parents will appreciate the candor in this approach. When a teacher realizes they have made a mistake and decides not to inform the parent, it seems dishonest and will have a negative effect on the parent-teacher relationship. When Your Child Reports an Issue What should you do if your child comes home and tells you they had an issue with a teacher? First of all, do not jump to conclusions. While you want to back your child at all times, it is necessary to realize that there are always two sides to a story. Children will occasionally stretch the truth because they are afraid they will be in trouble. There are also times that they did not accurately interpret the actions of the teacher. In any case, there is a right way and wrong way to address any concerns brought about by what your child had told you. How you confront or approach the issue may be the most crucial aspect of handling a concern with a teacher. If you take a â€Å"guns blazing† approach, the teacher and the administration are likely going to label you a â€Å"difficult parent†. This will lead to increased frustration. School officials will automatically go into defense mode and will be less likely to cooperate. It is imperative that you come in calm and level-headed.   Addressing the Issue With the Teacher How should you address a concern with a teacher? In most cases, you can start with the teacher themselves. However, it is crucial to note that if it involves the breaking of a law inform the principal and file a police report. Set up an appointment to meet with the teacher at a time that is convenient for them. This will typically be before school, after school, or during their planning period. Let them know immediately that you have some concerns and want to hear their side of the story. Provide them with the details that you have been given. Give them an opportunity to explain their side of the situation. There are times where a teacher genuinely does not realize they have made a mistake. Hopefully, this will provide the answers you are seeking. If the teacher is rude, uncooperative, or speaks in vague double talk, it may be time to advance to the next step in the process. In any case, be sure to document the details of your discussion. This will be helpful should the issue remain unresolved. Most issues can be resolved without having to take it to the principal. However, there are certainly times when this is warranted. Most principals will be willing to listen so long as you are civil. They field parent concerns quite often so they are usually adept at handling them.  Be prepared to provide them with as much information as possible. What to Expect Next Understand that they are going to investigate the complaint thoroughly and that it may take them several days before they get back with you. They should provide you with a follow-up call/meeting to discuss the situation further. It is essential to note that they will not be able to discuss the specifics if teacher discipline was warranted. However, there is an excellent chance that the teacher was placed on a plan of improvement.  They should provide details of a resolution as it pertains directly to your child. Again, it is beneficial to document the details of the initial meeting and any follow-up calls/meetings. The good news is that 99% of perceived teacher problems are handled before getting to this point. If you are not satisfied with the way the principal handled the situation, the next step would be to go through a similar process with the superintendent. Only take this step if the teacher and the principal absolutely refuse to cooperate with you in handling the problem. Give them all the details of your situation including the results of your meetings with the teacher and principal. Allow them plenty of time to resolve the issue. If you still believe the situation is unresolved, you may take the complaint to the local board of education. Be sure to follow the district policies and procedures for being placed on the board agenda. You will not be allowed to address the board if you have not. The board expects administrators and teachers to do their jobs. When you do bring a complaint before the board, it can force the superintendent and principal to take the matter more seriously than they had previously. Going before the board is the last opportunity to have your problem resolved. If you still are unsatisfied, you can decide to seek a change of placement. You can look to have your child placed in another classroom, apply for a transfer to another district, or homeschool your child.

Autobiography of malcolm x Essay - 921 Words

â€Å"The Autobiography of Malcolm X† by Alex Haley â€Å"Were not Americans. Were Africans who happen to be in America. We were kidnapped and brought here against our will from Africa. We didnt land on Plymouth Rock--that rock landed on us.† (Lord, Thornton, and Bodipo-Memba, 1992) Words like those above would engrave Malcolm X into the minds of Americans from all racial backgrounds and socio-economic classes. Malcolm X was certainly not one to mince words. America would come to remember him as â€Å"The Hate That Hate Produced†, the title of a 1959 CBS documentary narrated by Mike Wallace which focused on Malcolm’s involvement in what was perceived as the â€Å"rise of black racism† (Lord, Thornton, and Bodipo-Memba, 1992). In â€Å"The Autobiography of†¦show more content†¦His reasoning? The injustices dealt him by white Christians. Leaving the pews of the church he entered the world of the street hoodlum where he would exist until his arrest and prosecution for armed robbery at age twenty (Allah, 1995). He recalls the 1946 crime in â€Å"The Autobiography of Malcolm X†: quot;I had put a stolen watch into a jewelry shop to replace a broken crystal,quot; he said. quot;Two days later things fell apart when I went to pick it up.quot; (Allah, 1995, PG). Malcolm recalls that he was armed when he went into the shop and that an undercover policeman was waiting in quiet for him. Rather than drawing his gun, Malcolm surrendered it without incident to the officer. He didn’t try to flee or to fight back as he was arrested. He pleaded guilty to numerous burglaries in the area and was eventually sentenced, along with an accomplice, to six to eight years in New York’s maximum- security prison in Boston’s Charlestown district (Allah, 1995). It would be while he was in prison for this crime that he would join the Nation of Islam. With the nation of Islam Malcolm X would find a new, or perhaps an old, focus in life: the white man. The next twelve years of his life would be devoted to righting the wrongs that the whites had dealt to the blacks throughout the history of the United States. Malcolm X was paroled in 1952 and it was at that time when he became most active in theShow MoreRelatedThe Autobiography Of Malcolm X Essay1152 Words   |  5 Pages1 2 THE AUTOBIOGRAPHY OF MALCOLM X Introduction Malcolm X?s autobiography written in collaboration with Alex Haley is an exciting story of personality transformation. During several years, Malcolm X told Haley his biography in several extensive interviews. Haley described and orchestrated the stories and Malcolm X edited and endorsed every part of the book. The story is narrated in the first person and it seems like Malcolm was writing this of hisRead MoreThe Autobiography of Malcolm X729 Words   |  3 PagesLiterary Analysis: The Autobiography of Malcolm X The Autobiography of Malcolm X, told by Alex Haley, details the incredible journey of one of the most inspiration and life altering leaders the world has ever encountered. The book begins with the illustration of Malcolm’s early life experiences and ends with X predicting that he will die a violent death prior to seeing the publication of his autobiography. At the beginning of the book, Haley describes how Malcolm’s father, a Baptist MinisterRead MoreThe Autobiography Of Malcolm X Essay1369 Words   |  6 PagesWho is Malcolm X? Answers tend to vary by person but in the â€Å"Autobiography of Malcolm X†, it really delved into the pivotal details of his life and readers like myself, went on an enthralling metaphorical journey to see the intriguing development of him as a child, a young adult, a convict, a follower, and ultimately a leader. For starters, Malcolm X was not born with the infamous and famous X. His birth name was Malcolm Little and the innocent Malcolm Little was very belittled (pun intended) inRead MoreAutobiography Of Malcolm X1614 Words   |  7 PagesKaykay Zhu October 19, 2017 The Autobiography of Malcolm X as told to Alex Haley is an account of Malcolm X’s evolving perspective on racial justice. Malcolm X was a prominent figure in the Nation of Islam who advocated for black nationalism and separatism. The man who became one of America’s most powerful voices for African Americans was deeply affected by the terrors of racism, which shaped his view of social justice and the condemnation of the white man. The way Malcolm X narrates his experiences changesRead MoreThe Autobiography Of Malcolm X1276 Words   |  6 PagesThe Autobiography of Malcolm X as told to Alex Haley, and Coming of Age in Mississippi by Anne Moody sheds light on how principles of ambition, pride, and faith throughout their lives paved individual paths for revolutionary success. Troubling upbringings as seen in both of their lives eventually instilled a drive that ultimately revolutionized America’s perspective of racial equality. Their worldview grows to encompass hum anity as one and is developed alongside their spiritual and cultural inquiryRead MoreThe Autobiography Of Malcolm X1701 Words   |  7 Pagesread the autobiography of Malcolm X. Malcolm X was one of the most controversial Men in American history. I’m familar with the name Malcolm X however, I’m not familliar with the works and background of Malcolm X. This is why I choose to read the autobiography of Malcolm X written by himself and Alex Haley. Which gives the read an insight on his background, beliefs, and the American society then. I believe that many people including myself have misunderstood Malcolm X. I believe that Malcolm X is misunderstoodRead MoreThe Autobiography Of Malcolm X791 Words   |  4 Pageslife. Malcolm X told his life story of how he overcame in his autobiography simply called The Autobiography of Malcolm X as told to Alex Haley. His life changed the world historically, socially, and especially politically by taking a stand against racism of all kinds which still exists in today’s â€Å"modern† standards. Using his personal life experience with racism towards African-Americans, Malcolm spreads the word on equality for all with a realistic tone that inspires trust in him. Malcolm X reachesRead MoreThe Autobiography of Malcolm X535 Words   |  2 Pages The autobiography of Malcolm X is a book that was published in 1965. It is of result of collaboration between human rights activist Mr. Malcolm X and journalist Alex Haley. The book depicts more about Malcolm X’s life, experiences and beliefs. The book again talks about spiritual conversion narrative that outlines Malcolm Xs philosophy of black pride, Black Nationalism. Malcolm was born in May 19th 1925 in Omaha to a family of Earl and Louise Little. The book also explains to us that he inheritatedRead MoreThe Autobiography Of Malcolm X1278 Words   |  6 PagesMalcolm X, born Malcolm Little, is one of the greatest advocates for race in the nation. However, his opinion of the state of racial issues in our country, and what can be done to solve them. Trials throughout Malcolm’s life of personal opinions and events that have occurred have shaped his outlook on the issue. Alex Haley’s autobiography novel, The Autobiography of Malcolm X, reveals Malcolm’s cha nging views on the solution of race in this country through the shaping stages of experiences in hisRead MoreThe Autobiography Of Malcolm X1634 Words   |  7 PagesThe Autobiography of Malcolm X was about one African Americans struggle during a time of extreme racism and discrimination to make a name for himself. Malcolm had many life experiences before tragically being shot and killed. He was a hustler in Harlem, a porter for a railroad, and was eventually a minister for the black Islam movement lead by Elijah Mahammad. Malcolm Little lived a very interesting life to become the man he will be remembered as. Right before Malcolm was born members of the KKK

Programs for the Treatment of Autism Essay Example For Students

Programs for the Treatment of Autism Essay Autism is a pervasive developmental disorder first termed by a man by the name of Kanner in 1943. He described a group of children as having severe language, behavior, and social interaction difficulties. These descriptors are what have come to be the core elements of autism today. Autism is characterized in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (4th ed.) by a continuum of abnormal development in social interaction and communication combined with a restricted repertoire of activities and interests. Children with autism are typically diagnosed by the age of two, with the prognosis generally being poor. The American Psychiatric Associations 1994 estimated prevalence is about 1 per 1,000 individuals with males being diagnosed 3 times more than females. However, females are more likely than males to function in the mental retardation range (Gresham et al., 1999). Currently there is no known cure for autism. Therefore, in the following composition I am going to discuss some of the methods designed to manage the behavior of individuals with autism. The first program I am going to discuss is a project that was conducted by Lovaas beginning in 1970 called the UCLA Young Autism Project (YAP). The goal of this project was to increase behavioral functioning in children with autism by the use of simple commands (e.g. Sit down, Look at me). During the treatment, aggressive and self-stimulatory behaviors were either ignored or reacted to with a contingent physical and/or verbal punishment such as a slap on the thigh and/or a loud No! while alternative behaviors were reinforced (Gresham et al, 1999). The research design used in this project was a quasi-experimental design. The participants were not randomly assigned, but were coordinated into groups of 19 (Experimental, Control 1, and Control 2). Both children in the experimental group and control 1 received intensive one-to-one treatment beginning at average ages of 34.6 and 40.9 months respectively and continuing for two or more years. Children in the experimental group received at least 40 hours of treatment per week, whereas children in control 1 received 10 hours or less per week. Children in control 2 were not treated by the YAP personnel, but were given an unspecified form of treatment (Gresham et al. , 1999). At the end of the project, 47% of the children in the experimental group were reported as having recovered. This indicating that their IQ scores were in the normal range (M=7, Range=94-120), they had passed the first grade in a regular education classroom, and they showed continuing increases in social, emotional, and educational functioning. Lovaas also reported that the school staff described these children as indistinguishable from their normal peers. No children from control 1 and only one child from control 2 reached this point of recovery (Gresham et al., 1999). Although the YAP appears to have been successful, there are many methodological issues to be considered. Most importantly is the lack of random selection, being a threat to both internal and external validity. For example, we cannot prove that the improvements were a direct cause of the treatment and had nothing to do with the children being from the same area. This study has not been able to be replicated, leaving even more questions about the studys effectiveness and efficiency. Ethical issues also need to be taken into account. Would it be right to put children in a control group with no treatment if we know they will fare worse without it? Though the finding that discrete trail training can create normal functioning may be controversial, this does not mean that the program was of absolutely no benefit. The use of this type of treatment has been shown to be helpful in teaching children discriminations among stimuli (Gresham et al., 1999). This program is only one of many designed to aid in the training of individuals with autism. Another project that has received much attention is the program for the Treatment and Education of Autistic and Related Communication Handicapped Children (TEACCH). This program was first conducted by the Department of Psychiatry at the University of North Carolina in 1971. And in 1972 became the state organization mandated to serve children with autism and their families. .u2c23d6457f07806ca0ab476a9a69c5f7 , .u2c23d6457f07806ca0ab476a9a69c5f7 .postImageUrl , .u2c23d6457f07806ca0ab476a9a69c5f7 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u2c23d6457f07806ca0ab476a9a69c5f7 , .u2c23d6457f07806ca0ab476a9a69c5f7:hover , .u2c23d6457f07806ca0ab476a9a69c5f7:visited , .u2c23d6457f07806ca0ab476a9a69c5f7:active { border:0!important; } .u2c23d6457f07806ca0ab476a9a69c5f7 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u2c23d6457f07806ca0ab476a9a69c5f7 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u2c23d6457f07806ca0ab476a9a69c5f7:active , .u2c23d6457f07806ca0ab476a9a69c5f7:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u2c23d6457f07806ca0ab476a9a69c5f7 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u2c23d6457f07806ca0ab476a9a69c5f7 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u2c23d6457f07806ca0ab476a9a69c5f7 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u2c23d6457f07806ca0ab476a9a69c5f7 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u2c23d6457f07806ca0ab476a9a69c5f7:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u2c23d6457f07806ca0ab476a9a69c5f7 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u2c23d6457f07806ca0ab476a9a69c5f7 .u2c23d6457f07806ca0ab476a9a69c5f7-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u2c23d6457f07806ca0ab476a9a69c5f7:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Federalism Essay In 1979 the mandate was extended to include .

Impact of Telecommunications on the Arab Society

A Market Driven Market Analysis of Sainsbury Essays

A Market Driven Market Analysis of Sainsbury Essays A Market Driven Market Analysis of Sainsbury Essay A Market Driven Market Analysis of Sainsbury Essay A Market Driven Market Analysis of Sainsbury’s and the Emerging Online Shopping Sector Abstraction This paper represents an analysis of the recent rise in on-line place shopping and more specifically the service offered by the supermarket concatenation Sainsbury’s. The analysis derives from a market goaded direction position and efforts to put the recent activity by Sainsbury’s within a strategic and market driven model, measuring the grade to which its direction determinations fit in with bing theory in this country. To this terminal so, this paper represents non merely an appraisal and scrutiny of a existent universe company utilizing modern-day theory but an rating of that theory as it manifests within a practical state of affairs. Sainsbury’s has a long history of retail within the British market, nevertheless the initial selling run for its on-line service,Sainsbury’s To You, was dissatisfactory, coercing a re-launch and re-branding exercising in 2006 ( Lyons, 2006 ) that aimed to be more in melody with client demands. This makesSainsbury’s Online( as it is now called ) an ideal topic for a paper covering with market goaded direction. It is hoped that this paper represents both an lineation and rating of market goaded direction in practice but besides a survey of how a comparatively traditionally based company can react to client demands and integrate these into their stigmatization exercisings and their corporate civilization. Introduction – From Marketing to Market Driven Management As Lambin ( 2000 ) provinces, Marketing is both a concern doctrine and an action-orientated process ( Lambin, 2000: 3 ) ; it has both an abstract base and a practical application and, as such, alterations to accommodate the environing socio-economic and socio-political state of affairs. Marketing non merely exists as an interface between a company and its clients but besides as a statement of purpose within a market place that serves to specify market portion and merchandise arrangement. Traditionally, selling has frequently been seen as a manner of working ( or possibly even making ) sometimes, unconscious demands and desires within consumers. Maddock and Fulton’s 1996 text editionMarketing to the Mind: Right Brain Strategies for Advertising and Marketing, for case purposes to utilize psychological techniques to make a sensed demand within a consumer that can be exploited by a company in a round procedure of creative activity and repletion of desire. Used more as an active ve rb, selling has come to depict the procedure of involvement coevals one time a merchandise has been created, instead than holding an built-in topographic point within research, development and production itself. As Lambin ( 2000 ) suggests, selling has besides traditionally been seen as contingent to the ethos, mission and civilization of a house, bing within the interstice between supply and demand: In a market economic system, the function of selling is to organize free and competitory exchange so as to guarantee efficient matching of supply and demand of goods and services†¦The function of marketing in society is hence to organize exchange and communicating between Sellerss and purchasers. This definition emphasises the undertakings and maps of selling, irrespective of the intent of the procedure of exchange. [ 1 ] The linguistic communication here, of supply and demand, exchange and communicating, emanates from traditional economic theory. The traditional impression of selling, so, relates straight to the Marxist construct of the creative activity of surplus value outlined inDas Capital( 1933 ) and depicting a quintessentially 19th and early 20th century construct of commercialism ( Drucker, 2007: 3 ) . How, asks observers such as Lambin ( 2000 ) , Day ( 2007 ) and Webster ( 2002 ) , can marketing adjust to the alterations in the socio-economic place experience since the 1980s? How can marketing reflect a more postmodern and globalised society, where increased denationalization, greater and greater technological progresss ( Lambin, 2000 ) , a feminised workplace ( Amin, 1997 ) and a immensely more educated client base mean that the simple chaining of supply and demand through selling is unequal? The reply is the displacement from marketing to market goaded direction, where client satisfaction and demand permeates every procedure in the corporation [ 2 ] : from the design and research of new merchandises to the method of bringing. As Webster ( 2002 ) inside informations, the construct is a simple but effectual one: Nothing could be simpler to understand. A satisfied client is willing to pay the house good for its merchandises and services because the client finds value in them. Value is created for the stockholders in the signifier of net income when the client pays the house a monetary value that is greater than all of the monetary values the house itself paid for the goods and services that it has combined into its ain merchandise offering. Therefore, value is created in the market place by clients who perceive value in the firm’s merchandise offering. [ 3 ] This simple sounding mission statement has a enormous impact on the twenty-four hours to twenty-four hours running of a concern or administration and, as we shall see, is non ever uppermost within the heads of many CEOs and stockholders. Market goaded direction purposes to put the construct of sensed value at the bosom of a company’s operations and, as such, represents an of import paradigm displacement in concern thought, one that is more holistically defined, one that attempts to put greater burden on answerability and procedure and moreover one that is commensurate with the altering commercial field beyond the council chamber. Along with the image of market goaded direction, Lambin ( 2000 ) postulates the rise of the new consumer ( Lambin, 2000: 41 ) , a more flush, spoting and technologically educated client who values time, stimulation, pleasance and change ( Lambin, 2000: 41 ) above traditional consumer desires such as length of service, quality and low monetary value. Baker and Bass ( 2003 ) continue this line of idea when they province: The present consumer-driven market place is characterised by a new sort of consumer, one who has been diversely described as active’ , knowledgeable’ and post-modern’ . In kernel, this is a New Consumer’ a animal clearly different and identifiable from its predecessors. [ 4 ] The image of the new consumer’ embodies many of the concerns of market goaded direction, it besides, as we shall see, has a great bearing on the instance survey that forms the following portion of this paper. The new consumer is a theoretical account that is based non simply on stuff demand but on a whole gamut of different situational demands, from clip direction to the desire for alteration and freshness. Servicess such as on-line shopping and e-commerce could merely hold come out of displacements in the manner clients needed to carry on their concern and ipso facto their whole life style ( Dholakia, Fritz, Dholakia and Mundorf, 2002 ) nevertheless this was facilitated by patterned advances in engineering and in marketing theory – as the traditional paths to client involvement ( in-store direction, forepart of head advertisement [ Varey, 2001 ] , monetary value decreases and so on ) began to look inadequate. The instance survey that follows looks at one such illustration of this, the online shopping arm of J. Sainsbury’s,Sainsbury’s Online, and does so within the renters of market driven direction and related theory. The first subdivision presents a general company background and overview of their present place ; the 2nd subdivision looks at the country of client behaviors and related scheme ( Lambin, 2000: 89-458 ) ; the 3rd, market goaded direction determinations such as merchandise line and pricing ( Lambin, 2000: 459-698 ) and the decision aims to put all of this within the context of current theory and to measure Sainsbury’s current policies. Sainsbury’s Online – A Traditional Company in a Changing Universe J. Sainsbury’s was founded in 1869 by John and Mary Ann Sainsbury [ 5 ] in Drury Lane, London and has grown to be one of the major participants in the UK food market market, functioning on norm about 16 million clients in 455 supermarkets around the state every hebdomad. Geting a figure of related concerns through a series of coup detats in the 1990s ( Bells Stores, Jacksons, JB Beaumont etc ) Sainsbury’s has invariably been careful to safeguard its image as a purveyor of quality green goods and besides to increase its presence in the market place over the last decennary. Its literature invariably stresses the extent that it responds to its customer’s demands and wants whilst at the same clip guaranting that its stockholders are kept happy with high returns. Its mission statement, for illustration, reads: Our aim is simple ; to function clients good and thereby supply stockholders with good, sustainable fiscal returns†¦ Our policy is to work with all of our providers reasonably, recognizing the common benefit of fulfilling clients demands. We besides aim to carry through our duties to the communities and environments in which we operate. [ 6 ] We can see here the beginnings of a market goaded direction mentality, where the satisfaction of the stakeholders is inextricably linked to that of the clients ; [ 7 ] nevertheless, as we shall see, this was non ever the instance, and market placement of Sainsbury’s is still a debatable country. Sainsbury’s To You, Sainsbury’s cyberspace shopping site, was ab initio rolled out in 2001/2 and operated out of merely 20 shops throughout the state. In its first twelvemonth, it made a ?50m loss making gross revenues of around ?110m in 2002 ( Wearden, 2002 ) . This was in comparing to Tesco online that achieved gross revenues of over ?356m in the same twelvemonth and handled about 85,000 orders per hebdomad to Sainsbury’s 27,000. As Harris and Dennis ( 2002 ) item, the scheme for the turn overing out ofSainsbury’s To Youwas based really much on their bing concern theoretical account. Initially, Sainsbury’s adopted the order and collect system that meant clients would order online and so come into the shop to pick up their food markets ( Harris and Dennis, 2002: 252 ) . This was chiefly designed to feed into bing selling schemes of impulse purchasing and forepart of head advertisement – the client would purchase farther green goods in shop w hen they came in to pick up their antecedently detailed order, so the thoery went. As Harris and Dennis ( 2002 ) suggest, non merely was this unpopular ( the market leader Tesco declining to follow such as system ) but Sainsbury’s ( and its rival Safeway ) abandoned this after 2002 when it was re-branded and re-launched. This last point is an interesting illustration of the manner in which a company such as Sainsbury’s can neglect to factor the demands and desires of the client when explicating market schemes. The order and collect’ service was based, so Harris and Dennis ( 2002 ) suggest, on preexistent corporate schemes non commensurate with market driven operations, the client hence rejected the service out of manus and the concern, purportedly given the disparity in net incomes, when to the rival supermarket, Tesco. Sainsbury’s is now the 3rd biggest online grocer behind Tesco and Asda, a state of affairs that is, in portion, due to the re-launch of the on-line service in 2002/3 ( Thompson, 2008 ) . The following subdivision looks closely at the building ofSainsbury’s Onlineand how this fits into, foremost, the company’s bing authorization and, secondly, market goaded direction theory. Customer Behaviour and Schemes One of the primary incentives behind market goaded direction is client satisfaction and this, as Lambin ( 2000 ) inside informations is best understood through a consideration of client behavior and how it changes over clip. Bradley ( 2003 ) inside informations that a consumer’s behavior is a complex procedure based on a whole scope of sociological and psychological inputs that are brooding of alterations in the wider societal field, as he states: The external factors which influence consumer purchasing behavior are civilization, moralss, legal limitations, societal category, interhousehold communications and other influential procedures. The internal factors refer to the individual’s ain cognitive universe which determines the individual’s reaction to stimuli. [ 8 ] Lambin ( 2000 ) criticises accepted theory that asserts that marketing creates need, for him and for many other theoreticians ( Varey and Lewis, 2000 ; Morris and Morris, 1990 ; Thompson and Strickland, 2003 etc ) selling should reflect a demand existent in the market topographic point already for Lambin ( 2000 ) the issue is one of analysis instead than creative activity. It is easy to see how this impression fits into e-commerce and online shopping, Chan, Lee, Dillon and Chang ( 2001 ) for case have stated how alterations in the nature of society and client life styles have created a demand for services that are unusually different from traditional commercial ventures. One of the first stairss, so, to showing clients with what they need is to understand their life style and to factor this in to any corporate determination, as Lambin ( 2000 ) provinces: The consumer is consistent with regard to his or her ain set of maxims, and non with regard to a set of maxims defined with no mention to a specific situational context or penchants construction. [ 9 ] We have so the image of a client whose demands are propelledbyand rootedina specific situational context and this, as plants on e-commerce have told us, is non needfully commensurate with historically determined or traditional demands. The user of an on-line food market site, for case, is improbable to do the same sorts of impulse bargains as a shopper in shop, they are besides, as Dennis, Fenech and Merrilees ( 2004 ) item, more likely to value such things as dependability of the web site, website design and client service over monetary value and particular offers ( Dennis, Fenech and Merrilees, 2004: 92 ) . Following the re-launch ofSainsbury’s To Youin 2002, Sainsbury’s offered a more matter-of-fact and useful service, more aligned with its nearest challenger Tesco than the sole market its original name suggested. This was clearly a strategic operation carried out after initial losingss and, as Hackney, Grant and Birtwhistle ( 2006 ) item, resulted in a 19 per cent per cent growing over the following 12 months. One of the specific tools Lambin ( 2000 ) lineations is demand analysis ( Lambin, 2000: 292 ) a construct that combines primary demand’ ( the entire demand for a peculiar merchandise or service, in a specific geographical country, a specific clip frame and a specific economic environment ) and company demand’ ( a particular company’s portion of the primary ) . The primary demand can besides be plotted against entire market strength to foretell impregnation degrees and to be after for strategic eventualities. Figures from the IGD province that, in 2004, the primary demand for on-line food market shopping was around ?1bn per twelvemonth and that Sainsbury’s commanded around 14 per cent of this ( company demand ) . [ 10 ] The absolute market is dependent on a figure of things, in this sector, chiefly of class the figure of families with entree to a computing machine and the cyberspace – presently this is thought to be in the part of 8 million [ 11 ] , each of these families potentially spend the norm of ?119.10 per hebdomad on food markets online [ 12 ] and it is this figure ( figure of family ten mean hebdomadal budget ) that represents the absolute market potency ( Lambin, 2000: 294 ) that Sainsbury’s can take for. As Hackney, Grant and Birtwhistle ( 2006 ) province, much of the success of the Tesco online system and therefore, much of the failure of Sainsbury’s initial operations, was due to strategic planning. Tesco non merely had bing trade name acquaintance but was besides able to develop an emergent strategy ( Mintzberg and Waters, 1985 ) that was conceived of over a figure of old ages. Unlike Sainsbury’s, Tesco’s online operations grew easy during the first two old ages of operation and was merely rolled out to the full after the bringing substructure was in topographic point and working ( Grant and Birtwhistle, 2006 ) . Commensurate with impressions of the strategic selling program ( Lambin, 2000: 424 ; Stone and Maccall, 2004 ; Proctor, 2000 etc ) Sainsbury’s attempted ( and still try ) to place themselves within a market that was already emerging and, to some extent, booming. The trade name direction of Sainsbury’s stresses the importance of quality a nd household values every bit good as foregrounding its ain scope of low priced merchandises, their mission provinces for illustration that: At Sainsbury s we will present an of all time bettering quality shopping experience for our clients with great merchandise at just monetary values. We aim to transcend client outlooks for healthy, safe, fresh and tasty nutrient doing their lives easier mundane. [ 13 ] This in blunt contrast to that of Tesco that systematically stresses the impression of value in their literature and selling. [ 14 ] Sainsbury’s has systematically positioned itself in the food market market between the cheaper shops such as Tesco and Asda and the higher priced, choice thrust concerns like Waitrose and Marks and Spencer. This has manifested itself non merely in the design and construction of the website it offers for case a practical community where users can interchange formulas and thoughts – but besides in some of the direction determinations made over the last two old ages. The desire for a greener shopping experience for case has led Sainsbury’s to perpetrate to electric new waves to present their goods by 2010, reflective of, non merely, their mission statement’s purpose to offer a whole shopping experience’ but of their strategic placement within an already crowded market. Market Driven Management Decisions This last point enables us to interrogate the concluding country of operations: market goaded direction determinations, the impression that all corporate determination devising should be based on the sorts of strategic placement and demand analysis that we have hitherto looked at [ 15 ] . As Lambin ( 2000 ) provinces, within a market goaded administration, all determinations from pricing to merchandise choice, from logistics to advertisement will be based on client satisfaction and deriving greater market portion: In a invariably altering environment, a company must continuously re-evaluate the construction of its portfolio of activities, intending the determinations to abandon merchandises, modify bing 1s or launch new merchandises. These determinations are of the extreme importance to the endurance of company and affect non merely the selling section, but all of the other functional countries as good. [ 16 ] We have already seen how logistical determinations at Sainsbury’s were affected by market concerns through the acceptance of greener conveyance and how the forsaking and re-launch of the originalSainsbury’s To Youwebsite reflected the sensed demand of its clients and its market placement. Commensurate with impressions of market goaded pricing, Sainsbury’s used a construction that can be viewed more as a statement of value ( Morris and Morris, 1990 ) than a calculated scheme of underselling that is traditionally seen to be the chief arm in a supermarket monetary value war. Again Sainsbury’s attempted to place itself as a center land participant within the market by appealingbothto clients seeking cut monetary value value merchandises with the debut of its Low Price’ no frills range [ 17 ] and the higher priced healthy organic nutrient scope Be Good to Yourself . Again, we can see here how such pricing determinations reflect its strategic operations as positioning itself someplace between Tesco and Waitrose. Datas from Sainsbury’s online clients is due to be combined with strategies rolled out in shop. The CRM ( client relationship direction ) based exercising is due to hit shops UK broad in 2008 and aims to unite both in-store and on-line client databases [ 18 ] . Sainsbury’s trueness cardNectarnon merely offers clients money back offers and price reductions therefore functioning as a trueness card but, evidently, besides provides a front terminal to a valuable CRM informations aggregation exercising and this is set addition as it is combined with the new informations analytics tool, Self Serve’ ( LMG, 2008 ) . Customer relationship direction aims to use informations collected through things such as trueness cards and shopping behavior to better the free flow of information between consumer and retail merchant ; as Zingale and Arndt ( 2001 ) item, this is peculiarly utile when covering with on-line shopping: Enterprises should non see the cyberspace as simply a new medium or new channel ( although both of these could be get downing points for internal treatments ) , but more as a riotous engineering that demands strategic response. In other words, endeavors should explicate an Internet scheme for all facets of their concern: selling, distribution, stock list, direction, procurance. [ 19 ] Online shopping, so, can non merely be a manner of easing shopping but besides a manner of garnering informations on client behavior. It is easy to see, in Sainsbury’s particularly, how such information is being used – the web site itself, for case, merely offers those merchandises that its client base has proven to devour and there is a installation for offering merchandises based on picks made in the yesteryear. This, along with the creative activity of on-line communities through forums and information exchange portals, forms the footing of Sainsbury’s client relationship plan. Conclusion – The Middle Ground Scenario As we have antecedently hinted at, Sainsbury’s can be seen to be a traditional company trying to set to a altering economic universe. Its historical presence in the high street has assured it is good known in the market topographic point ; nevertheless this presence has besides been a barrier to its ingraining into emerging engineerings such as the cyberspace. Initially, as we have discussed, its web site was seen as a failure, particularly when compared to its nearest challenger Tesco, nevertheless through a period of re-branding it was re-launched and exists today as one of the fastest turning sectors of the nucleus company’s concern. As this study has tried to asseverate, this was due, in the chief, to the acceptance of many market goaded direction determinations and schemes that attempted non merely to re-position its on-line service in the market topographic point – bridging the gulf between Tesco and Waitrose – but besides to put client demands and s atisfaction at the bosom of its operations. In this manner, as Zingale and Arndt ( 2001 ) province, its cyberspace arm is being seen as inextricably linked to the remainder of the concern, non merely trusting on the bing constructions of procurance and bringing but besides feeding back information and information analysis to let for continually alteration and transmutation. Market goaded direction affects all countries of an operation and we have traced this throughSainsbury’s Online, looking at procedures such as CRM, strategic pricing, demand analysis and client behavior. It is interesting to observe that Sainsbury’s cyberspace based services non merely represent many of the issues discussed but besides that acceptance of these schemes coincided with increased use of their web site and greater net incomes. The alterations in the manner Sainsbury’s viewed its online shopping operations are an interesting correlate to the manner it has shaped its ain market place in recent old ages – trying to offer its clients value that resides more in community and household than merely monetary value cuts. Mentions Books and Diaries Abram, J and Hawkes, P ( 2003 ) ,The Seven Myths of Consumer Management, London: John Wiley. Amin, A ( 1997 ) ,Post-Fordism: A Reader, London: Blackwell. Baker, S and Bass, M ( 2003 ) ,New Consumer Selling: Pull offing a Living Demand System, London: Wiley. Bradley, F ( 2003 ) ,Strategic Selling: In the Customer Driven Organization, London: Wiley. Chan, H, Lee, R, Dillon, T and Chang, E ( 2001 ) ,E-commerce: Fundamentalss and Applications, London: John Wiley. Day, G ( 2007 ) ,The Market Driven Organization: Understanding, Attracting and Keeping Valuable Customers, London: Free Press. Dennis, C, Fenech, T and Merrilees, B ( 2004 ) ,E-Retailing, London: Routledge. Dholakia, N, Fritz. W, Dholakia, R and Mundorf, N ( 2002 ) ,Global E-commerce and Online Marketing, London: Quorum Books. Drucker, P ( 2007 ) ,The Essential Drucker, London: Butterwoth. Hackney, R, Grant, K and Birtwhistle, G ( 2006 ) , The UK food market concern: towards a sustainable theoretical account for practical markets’ , published inInternational Journal of Retail and Distribution Management, Vol. 34, Number, 4/5, pp. 354-368. Harris, L and Dennis, C ( 2002 ) ,Marketing the E-Business, London: Routledge. Kotler, P, Wong, V, Saunders, J and Armstrong, G ( 2004 ) ,Principles of Marketing, London: Financial Times. Lambin, J.J ( 2000 ) ,Market Driven Management: Strategic and Operational Marketing, London: Macmillan. LMG ( 2008 ) , Self Serve provides Sainsbury’s matchless retail insights’ , published online at hypertext transfer protocol: //www.loyalty.co.uk/media_pr_35.html Maddock, R and Fulton, R ( 1996 ) ,Marketing to the Mind: Right Brain Strategies for Advertising and Marketing, London: Quorum Books. Mark, K ( 1933 ) ,Das Capital, London: Dent. Mintzberg, H. , Waters, J.A. ( 1985 ) , Of schemes, deliberate and emergent , Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 6 pp.257-72. Morris, M and Morris, G ( 1990 ) ,Market Orientated Pricing, London: Quorum Books. Porter, M ( 1998 ) ,Competitive Scheme, London: Simon and Schuster. Proctor, T ( 2000 ) ,Strategic Selling: An Introduction, London: Routledge. Rock, M and MaccallJ ( 2004 ) ,International Strategic Marketing, London: Routledge. Thompson, A and Strickland, A ( 2003 ) ,Strategic Management: Concepts and Cases, London: Mcgraw Hill. Thompson, J ( 2008 ) , Asda overtakes Sainsbury’s to go No. 2 online’ , published in The Independent, 28ThursdayJuly, 2008. Tillmann, G ( 2008 ) ,The Business Orientated CIO: A Guide to Market Driven Management, London: John Wiley. Varey, R ( 2001) , Marketing Communication: Principles and Practice, London: Routledge. Varey, R and Lewis, B ( 2000 ) ,Internal Selling: Directions of Management, London: Routledge. Wearden, G ( 2002 ) , Sainsbury’s Online far from profitability’ , published online at hypertext transfer protocol: //news.zdnet.co.uk/itmanagement/0,1000000308,2111088,00.htm Webster, F ( 2002 ) ,Market Driven Management: How to Define, Develop and Deliver Customer Value, London: John Wiley. Zingale, A and Arndt, M ( 2001 ) ,New Economy Emotion: Prosecuting Customer Passion with E-CRM, London: John Wiley Web sites hypertext transfer protocol: //www.j-sainsbury.co.uk/ hypertext transfer protocol: //www.loyalty.co.uk/ hypertext transfer protocol: //www.sainsburys.co.uk/home.htm hypertext transfer protocol: //www.statistics.gov.uk/ hypertext transfer protocol: //www.talkingretail.com hypertext transfer protocol: //www.tescocorporate.com/ 1

Micro economics Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

Micro economics - Term Paper Example Minimum wage is also controlled by local and state governments, which implies that different states in the US may have different statutory minimum wages. While the statutory minimum wage has significant benefits on workers, it is nevertheless known to have some economic effects on businesses, local employment, and individuals. This paper entails minimum wage in the United States and the associated effects. By July 2009, the US federal government had set an overall minimum wage of at least $7.25 per hour. On the contrary, some municipalities and states in the same country had set minimum wage levels slightly higher than the federal government statutory minimum wage level. In the Washington State for instance, the minimum wage level was set at $9.32 per hour by January 2014 (Washington State Department of Labor and Industries, 2014). Connecticut passed legislation in 2014, on March 26, that advocated for the raise of minimum wage to $10.10 from $8.7 by 2017. It was the first state in the United States to address the call by President Obama to increase minimum wage in the country. Further, Seattle City Council, in Washington passed an ordinance on June 2 2014 to increase the city’s minimum wage to $15 per hour (New York Times Editorial Board, 2014). This legislation placed the city in the topmost position regarding the highest minimum wage in the entire country. The overall minimum in the United States wage has remained as $7.25 since it was re-set in 2009, specifically on July 24. This increase was basically the third and the last step of the US Fair Minimum Wage Act of 2007, which had become a low in 2007, on 25th May. It was held by the Supreme Court that this federal minimum wage was constitutional and hardly exceeds the Commerce Cause’s scope in the United States v. Darby Lumber Co. ( U.S. v. DARBY, 312 U.S. 100 (1941) ). Nevertheless, some of the U.S.

Constitutional Law of the EU Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Constitutional Law of the EU - Essay Example As such, Lord Denning stated that EC law was directly applicable at national level under domestic law. However, the term â€Å"directly applicable† has created ambiguity and the principles of direct effect and indirect effect will determine whether the Council Directive relating to pension funds (the Directive) is directly applicable under UK law4. If a provision of EC law is directly applicable, section 2(1) of the ECA asserts that â€Å"all such rights, powers, liabilities, obligations and restrictions†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ shall be recognised and available in law, and be enforced, allowed and followed accordingly.† The current scenario is concerned with the failure to implement the Directive and this analysis will review whether Adil can enforce the rights he would have had if the Directive had been implemented under the doctrine of direct effect, or alternatively, what his rights are against the state for damage suffered as a result of failure to implement the Directive. The specific nature of directives lies in the type of obligations they impose5. Ultimately Member States have discretion as to how to implement a directive, however they must comply with the positive obligation to implement the directive in the first place6. Problems have arisen as to whether Directives themselves can be invoked by individuals in national courts as giving rise to individual rights7, further compounded by the question as to whether a Member State can be liable for damage resulting from its failure to implement a directive, which is pertinent to Adil’s position. In order to be directly effective, a provision of EC law must constitute a complete legal obligation capable of enforcement as such by a court8. Moreover, in the case of Francovich v Italian Republic9, it was asserted that the pre-requisite for direct effect was that the relevant provision of EC law had to be sufficiently precise

Social Impact of Cybercrime

Social Impact of Cybercrime Cyber criminals take full advantage of the anonymity, secrecy and interconnectedness provided by the Internet, therefore attacking the very foundations of our modern information society. Cyber crime can involve botnets, computer viruses, cyber bullying, cyber stalking, cyber terrorism, cyber pornography, Denial of Service attacks, hacktivism, identity theft, malware and spam. Law enforcement officials have struggled to keep pace with cyber criminals, who cost the global economy billions annually. Police are attempting to use the same tools cyber criminals use to perpetrate crimes in an effort to prevent those crimes and bring the guilty parties to justice. This essay begins by defining cyber crime, and then moves to a discussion of its economic and social impacts. It continues with detailed excursions into cyber bullying and cyber pornography, two especially representative examples of cyber crime today, and concludes with a discussion of ways to curtail the spread of cyber crime. Computer-related misdeed designated days back to the sources of computing itself, though the larger connectivity between computers through the Internet has conveyed the notion of cyber misdeed into the public consciousness of our data humanity, where it continues at the start of the 21st century. In 1995, when the World Wide Web was in its very early phases of development, futurist Gene Stephens composed about the present and future truth of cyber misdeed then made some predictions: Billions of dollars in deficiency have currently been discovered. Billions more have gone undetected. Trillions will be thieved, most without detection, by the appearing expert lawless individual of the twenty-first 100 years the cyberspace offender (Stephens, 1995, p. 24). Reflecting on his propositions in a 2008 item, Stephens documented that he and other ones foresaw much of the cyber misdeed to come: I rightly outlook an blast of mobile telephone time robbery and telephone fraud; expanded cyber attacks and deception contrary to government and business; huge borrowing business card robbery and fraud; interior robbery of clients persona by financially laboring and/or hungry economic service employees; more cyber porn, cyber stalking, cyber harassment, and cyber vengeance; and the use of biometrics and encryption as procedures of defending facts and numbers in cyberspace (Stephens, 2008, p. 33). Media accounts since the 1990s have documented the numerous procedures by which lawless individuals have utilized the Internet to consign crimes. Cyber thieves have become accomplished at utilizing the anonymity and secrecy of the Internet to defraud their victims of their cash, their calm of brain and really even their lives. When victims let their guard down by muting a wholesome skepticism and caution, cyber misdeed takes place. As one FBI representative documented, The scammer endeavors to prey on victims who are kind of in melody with whats going on in the world. The con alterations, but finally theyre preying on the good will of people (quoted in Simmons, 2008). The Extent of Cyber Crime Law enforcement agents have labored to recognize, apprehend, and prosecute these tech-savvy lawbreakers, even as sociologists have searched to get to the origin of cyber crime. The U.S. Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) has dedicated cyber squads at each of its 56 area agencies over the US [that] support 70 cyber task forces nationwide, endorsed up by international understanding accumulating by its Internet Crime Complaint Centre (Heath, 2008). The area of cyber misdeed has generated the area of cyber criminology, characterized as the study of causation of misdeeds that happen in the cyberspace and its influence in the personal space (Jaishankar, 2007, p. 1). The scope of cyber misdeed continues really staggering, and it extends to grow. In 2007 solely, the U.S. finances lost $240 million to cyber misdeed (2007 Internet Crime Report, p. 1), up $40 million from 2006, though the genuine dollar allowance might be substantially higher because the report only followed situations described to regulation enforcement. According to one Internet security business, cyber misdeed is $200 billion commerce, rivaling the illegal markets for pharmaceutical trafficking and cash laundering (Swartz, 2008, par. 2). In Europe, almost one quarter of computer users in the European Union described that they had been victims of cyber misdeed (National Economies, 2008). As more and more persons have utilized the Internet to manage their buying, broadcasting, banking and account giving, they have become goals for cyber criminals. There are common-sense steps that can avert or decrease having ones borrowing business card data thieved online, as well as to bypass other scams and risks, but cyber misdeed in these localities perseveres mostly due to a need of buyer education. Some diversity of cyber misdeed, for example hacktivism, is ostensibly inspired by noble aims, for example dispute contrary to seen misuses by authorities and corporations. Often these attacks engage posting remarks on authorized government websites and are not inspired by a yearn for monetary gain. However, other types of cyber misdeed have a much more brutal intent. These encompass cyber stalking, cyber bullying and cyber terrorism. Cyber Crime the Society While the financial influence of cyber misdeed is after argument, rather less vigilance has been granted to the communal significances of cyber crime. Psychologists and psychiatrists can assist victims contend with the fallout from persona robbery, sexy misuse or economic wreck, while sociologists are well-positioned to gaze at the broader communal influences and interpretations of cyber crime. Cyber misdeed attacks the very bases of up to date, technological societies, compelled up as they are with the fast flow of computer facts and numbers helped by the Internet. At the most rudimentary grade, cyber lawless individuals often take benefit of technologically unsophisticated persons who nonetheless find themselves in a world where the Internet performances an progressively centered function in both groups and in personal lives. Cyber misdeed counts, at this grade, on the proficiency of those who are more technologically complicated to use that information to knack other ones into submitting crucial data, for example their bank account data or Social Security number. While it is likely in some positions for the casualty of cyber misdeed to refurbish thieved cash or even their individual online persona, the happening often departs the casualty traumatized and profoundly doubtful of the Internet and other trappings of up to date life. In this way the cyber lawless individual d eprives his or her casualty of numerous of the conveniences of todays data economy. Experts in cyber misdeed have documented that its influence happens on multiple levels. First, on a solely financial grade, cyber misdeed engages the robbery of millions, possibly even billions, of dollars every year. In supplement, cyber misdeed needs persons and organizations to take on the supplemented cost of security programs and other entails by which to block the cyber criminals. Cyber-bullying Cyber-bullying can best be recounted as the elongation of personal bullying in cyberspace. However, the one-by-one often is not bodily assaulted, but rather psychologically harassed. Perhaps not amazingly, cyber bullying most often takes location inside assemblies most probable to be attached to internet, in specific teenagers and other juvenile adults. According to a 2007 review by the Pew Internet American Life Project, 32 per hundred of American teens described being victims of cyber bullying (Lenhart, 2007). Cyber bullying is characterized as the undertaking by which an one-by-one or assembly of persons is aimed at for abusing, attack or intimidating notes dispatched through wireless telephones and other Web-connected devices. According to cyberspace professional Parry Aftab, Cyber-bullying is when one progeny or teen goals another for humiliation, humiliation, worry, blackmail. Something conceived to injure the other utilizing an interactive technology. Thats made a large-scale distinction because children have wise that they can use the internet as a weapon (quoted in Battling the online bullies, 2008). Sometimes cyber bullying extends and expands a battle or contradiction that takes location at school, a party or in some other communal situation. In the attitude of numerous victims and professionals, cyber bullying is poorer than in-person bullying because the perpetrators can conceal behind a cloak of anonymity supplied by the Internet. Two victims of cyber bullying expressed the harshness of the tactic: Its rougher over the internet because they dont have to glimpse your answer when they state those signify phrases to your face. So over the internet youre more probable to state the meanest likely things you can state, and then you dont even lament it, said cyber-bully casualty Abby. I would get notes on IM [Instant Messenger] and they would be youre actually mean or youre ugly, until I just couldnt take it any more, states Ralph who was furthermore a casualty of cyber-bullying (quoted in Battling the online bullies, 2008). A distracting elongation of cyber bullying happens when personal assaults, for example rapes, and are dispatched online. The aim is to display the power and command of the perpetrators over the casualty or victims, as well as to disgrace and humiliate them. A associated perform is announcing photographs, telephone figures and other individual data about the cyber bullying casualty on certain websites. The trauma sensed by victims of cyber bullying is very genuine, and it often exacerbates preexisting insecurities sensed by juvenile persons going through adolescence. There has been not less than one described example of a cyber bullying casualty committing suicide after pain unrelenting attacks (Pokin, 2007). Given the expansion of Web-enabled apparatus, parents, progeny supports, political leaders and regulation enforcement agents are unsure about how to decrease examples of cyber bullying. Some suggested answers encompass more parental engagement in their childs online undertakings, for example texting and instant messaging, while other ones propose that affirmative gaze force is the best long-run procedure for decreasing cyber bullying. Cyber-pornography Cyber-pornography mentions expressly to progeny pornography on the internet, usually engaging those less than 18 years of age. While enclosures in the United States and Europe have discovered mature individual pornography on the internet to drop inside lawful boundaries, there is a effectively agreed lawful, lesson, psychological and communal agreement that young children are not to be engaged in the international sex industry. Just as the increase of the internet helped a new and expansive kind of bullying, so too it has directed to a expansion of progeny pornography. Various websites have become repositories of related to sex explicit images of young children, where the pictures are acquired and traded (simons, 1998). There are clues that the increase of cyber pornography has directed to expanded examples of progeny misuse in the world (internet porn, 2004). Countries like Great Britain have been especially impacted: Childrens benevolent humanity nch previously nationwide childrens dwellings said there was clues that the 1,500% increase in progeny pornography situations since 1988 would be echoed in more young children being misused to make the pictures. the scale of the difficulty has altered after acknowledgement in just over a decade, said nchs internet advisor john Carr. The expanded demand has made progeny pornography into large-scale enterprise and the penalties for young children in all components of the world are horrifying (internet porn, 2004, par. 1-3). A newer pattern of cyber pornography on the internet engages online groups for example second life, where avatars, or three-dimensional representations of computer users, combine with one another in very shrewd online environments. Prosecutors have conveyed allegations contrary to persons in second life who acquired virtual sex with other second life users comprised as children. In some nations, for example Germany, virtual progeny pornography is illicit, while the regulation is much less clear in another location (johnston, 2007). Putting an End to Cyber Crime In his 1995 term paper, Gene Stephens suggested what one might call a conventionally libertarian way to battle cyber misdeed that aligns well with the open ethos of cyberspace: the only genuine assist isà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦ conscience and individual standards, the conviction that robbery, fraud, and attack of privacy are easily unacceptable (quoted in Stephens, 2008, p. 2). Given the huge expansion of cyber misdeed even in the years since 1995, Stephens now sees things differently. Today he contends that halting cyber misdeed will count mostly on two factors: a more protected Internet infrastructure, redesigned with security foremost in mind; and coordinated, international policing of cyberspace to back up other security procedures for example biometrics. One proposition Stephens makes is for a more protected, second lifetime Internet: The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) set up the Internet and fostered its early development, but DARPA will probable overhaul its creation in the 2010s. Not only will the conclusion be much quicker and bigger capability usage, but furthermore, by effectively beginning over with the security facets in brain, the future Internet will be safer and tougher to strike and disable (Stephens, 2008, p. 3). Stephens furthermore contends that battling cyber misdeed engages undertaking a bigger and more basic issue: How can one policeman an locality, for example cyberspace, that very conspicuously no one individual owns and has jurisdiction over? The response, he contends, is voluntary, multinational policing, with the cost of malfunction being too large to ignore: The exponentially advancing capabilities of appearing Web technologies spotlights the long-ignored matters of who owns the World Wide Web, who organizes it, and who has jurisdiction over it. The response now is: Nobody! Can the worlds most mighty socio-politico-economic mesh extend to function nearly at random, open to all, and therefore be excessively susceptible to cyber criminals and terrorists alike? Yet any try to constraint or policeman internet can be anticipated to be contacted by farthest opposition from a plethora of users for a kind of causes, numerous contradictory. à ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦ Biometrics and more-advanced schemes of ID will require to be finalized to defend users and the network. In supplement, multinational cyber crime flats will be needed to apprehend those preying on users worldwide, as Web board riders in Arlington, Virginia, and Victoria, British Columbia, may be victims of cyber scams perpetrated in Cairo or Budapest. Coordination and collaboration will be keys to producing the Internet a safer location to journey and perform enterprise (Stephens, 2008, p. 3). There still appears to be work left to do. For demonstration, Interpol, which battles misdeed over nationwide boundaries, only has $102 million allowed for each year to battle cyber crime (Swartz, 2008). Can one be hopeful about the containment of cyber crime? If annals are any referee, the identical Internet expertise that empowers lawless individuals to flout the regulation can endow regulation enforcement to fight back the law. In the case of the telegraph, instanced previous, it was utilized to good result shortly after it was invented: After killing his mistress [in 1845] and escaping to London by train, [John] Tawells recount was telegraphed ahead by the policeman and he was apprehended upon his appearance (Standage, 1998: 51) (Wall, 2007, p. 2).

French Revolution :: essays research papers

Napoleon’s return to an autocratic government saved the French revolution, and all it stood for; and saving France from a near potentially anarchic situation. Napoleon although an autocratic dictator, was nothing like his predecessors (nor was he like king Louis XVI). Napoleon was in touch with all French men and worked for the good of all French people, and introduced new reforms and change. Napoleon’s autocratic government made many important decisions that were duly welcomed by many French people. Napoleon changed the way of life for many French people, which placed increased confidence in French government and leadership; by instituting the destruction of the corrupt directory(or also known as the Coup d’etat). France’s political changes and restructure, paved the way for radical social changes in many areas of French society (e.g. personal rights & freedom, education, roads, public works and laws etc). Increased territory to the France (on napoleons command) meant further glory to France, and inturn meant increased wealth for the French government. The most important of all Napoleons achievements was the formation of the Bank of France; this generated positive interest in the French economy and encouraged investment in France.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The coup d'etat was an act by Napoleon and Emmanuel Sieyes to overthrow the Directory. The Directory was a new form of government that was established in 1795. It consisted of five members that were elected by both houses of the legislature. This form of government was proved even less effective than the Legislative Assembly and the national convention. Within the Directory there was incompetence and corruption that was putting France in a major debt. It didn't do much to solve the financial problems and military problems in France.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Attacks on the republic and other conservatives increased. Rising prices and disrupted production drove some groups in France to armed protests. And foreign hostility to France continued. Then when Napoleon, Sieyes, and their followers got their chance they executed the coup d'etat. Armed soldiers forced legislators from their chambers, and abolished the directory. France proclaimed a new form of government that Napoleon called the Consulate. Three consuls headed it, and Napoleon was the first consul. Being first consuls mean that Napoleon assumed practically most power. Napoleons power allowed him to do the things that needed to be done, and even allowed him to become consul for life, later to become emperor of France. Napoleon them reorganized almost everything in France, and made way for a better French society.

Rogers vs. American Airlines

Cultural perspective considers law as reflection of social cultural beliefs; therefore, it would propose that Rogers should act according to commonly excepted social norms and change her hairstyle. However, conflict perspective sees law as a tool of oppression, and thinks law defends dominant class, American Airline, by coercing Rogers to change hairstyle and by imposing the ideas of suitable hairstyle onto employees. Comparing these two perspectives, prefer conflict perspective because ethnocentric judgment and circular reasoning can be found in the cultural perspectives.Cultural perspective indicates that law reflects cultural beliefs of a society by clarifying and institutionalizing shared customs and values. Although it does to always consist with customs or norms, law mostly grounded in the culture of a society, because law is rooted in how people see the world functions, what people perceive to be good or evil, what people consider to be standards of proper behaviors, and how p eople expect themselves and others behave in daily life.Nevertheless, within a large, complex structured society, many subgroups actually have different beliefs and judgments upon certain behaviors; in this circumstance, law, according to Savaging theory, supposes to express common consciousness of people in this society. Hence, away needs to represent mainstream thoughts that are held by large part of population.Moreover, Minimalists demonstrates that law is a body of binding obligations. When disagreements emerge from different cultural beliefs of subgroups within a society, law is necessary to clarify ambiguousness by illuminating which specific norms and customs have been institutionalized as legitimacy and, subsequently, enforce those legitimate customs by socializing individuals into share values.Additionally, The critiques of cultural perspective arouse from the argument that law derives from norms and it is insistent with norms, pointing out that circular reasoning involves in cultural perspective, and, more importantly, the criterion for institutionalized customs may be ethnocentric or in favor of some particular subgroups (Beer, 9/2). The cultural perspective thinks that law should reflect customs and norms of a society and enforce legitimate norms.Accordingly, as for Rogers case, cultural perspective would say that Rogers need to follow the shared values on appropriate business kick and law need to socialize Rogers into those shared values for three following reasons. First, the social customs expect hat people of certain professions, such as airport operations agents, maintain conservative and business-like images. Thus, to consist with customs, law should ask Rogers to change her characteristic hairstyle into a regular one to fit into expected business images.Second, because Rorer's duties involved extensive passenger contact, she was expected to perform the best to serve her consumers, which included pleasing passengers with an appropriate profes sional, neat look. Since most of people would not consider all-braised hairstyle as confessional and proper look, it is reasonable to quire Rogers to follow social custom and change into an appropriate hairstyle. Third, it is common consciousness that employees of corporate companies are expected to work towards the best interests of companies as long as the companies' interests do not violate their civil rights.American Airline hired and afforded Rorer's living for purpose of enlarging its own revenues. And, as an employee of American Airline, Rogers was expected to work for benefiting her company. Thus, if American Airline thought that Rorer's hairstyle had negative effect on its revenue and its policies did not latte Rogers civil rights as they were applied equally to employees of all races and genders, social Custom would suggest that Rogers should consider changing her hairstyle. Moreover, law is used to socialize individuals with disagreeable norms.In Rogers case, according to cultural perspective, law needs to socialize Rogers by denoting her to fit in the common acceptable social norms. Overall, cultural perspective suggests law to demand Rogers to tone down a discovered identity and fit into the mainstream of social norms. Unlike cultural perspective that views law as reflection of agreeable social ultra beliefs, conflict perspective believes law is linked to struggle over cultural values and material wealth; hence, it views law as a tool of oppression, which promotes the interests of dominant social groups over the interests of subordinate groups.Furthermore, society, by conflict perspectives, is not held together by consensus but by power; and the power comes from property and capital on which economic system and people's survival depends. Besides, economic determinism and hegemony theory are two versions of conflict perspective. Economics determinism focuses on law s a repressive tool controlled by economically dominant class on purpose to maintain their economic power through coercion. Therefore, law is used to exploit and oppress subordinate groups.Hegemony theory considers law as an ideological device, which provides hegemony, which impacts how people understand the world, for capital class to justify their power. Thus, law is used to impose beliefs onto subordinate groups. In a conclusion, all conflict theories commonly state that inequalities in distribution of valuable resound:sees in social system cause tensions between those with and those without resources. Then, conflict emerges from those tensions; and such conflict may be able to change social relations and Structure Of a social system (Beer, 9/9).In the Rogers case, Rogers as an employee, whose living depended on her employer, was a member of subordinate group; and the American Airline as a capitalist class employer was the dominant group. Based on the key tenets of conflict perspective, conflict perspective would view Rogers case as conflict between dominant gro up, American Airline, and subordinate group, Renee Rogers; and the law, in this case, was used as a tool to support the power of American Airline to dominate over its employee, Rogers.As for views from economic determinism, law helped ensure that the capitalist class can do what it thinks can enlarge its revenue, as it forced its employees to have a professional, neat looks in order to please its consumers and, eventually, to attain more revenues. In this case, law oppressed Rorer's rights to control her appearance and freedom to express herself; and employer, as the ruling class, used law as a weapon to exploit Rogers for its own economic interests.Moreover, as for the explanations from hegemony theory, law imposed the justification of American Airline's policies onto Rogers and other employees who sought not to have uniform appearances, which defended the power of dominant class. In this case, law was an ideological device that serves to change Rorer's understanding of how her hai rstyle correlated to her performance on the job.In short, the inequality and dominate-subordinate relation between American Airline and Rogers caused the conflict between them. And, law tends to resolve the conflict by oppressing Rogers. Comparing two perspectives above, conflict perspective is more convincing o me for following reasons. First, ethnocentric judgment about appropriate norms may be employed by cultural perspective. Different insights of social cultures exist among different racial groups, even though these groups are within the same society.For instance, African Americans may consider that the all-braided â€Å"cornrow† hairstyle is neat, clean, and business-like hairstyle that is appropriate for Rorer's position at American Airline. However, since African American is a minor ethnicity, its social norms and customs are rejected when they disagree with mainstream social norms and customs. Therefore, the appropriate hairstyle may be determined by ethnocentric jud gment that disavows African American norms.

An Exploration On Identification Of Malady And Organic...

Abstract An exploration on identification of malady and organic product evaluating is helpful for agribusiness and ranchers. By distinguishing kind of sickness in foods grown from the ground evaluating of natural product taking into account its quality. For discovery of illness obliged diverse elements of products of the soil characterized these elements. For organic product reviewing section the picture after division figure contaminated and solid part of foods grown from the ground in light of rate of disease on natural product. This paper speaks to diverse components for organic product, distinctive classifier for infection recognition and distinctive division procedures for natural product reviewing procedure. Additionally gives outline of diverse shading strategies, distinctive composition procedures and distinctive classifier all with its benefits and bad marks. India has a second rank in the creation of organic product. So organic products assume imperative part for ranchers f urthermore for horticulture. There are numerous applications related with picture handling for agribusiness. Like gathering, evaluating, distinguishing harm and ailment, plant development checking are as under: Naturally evaluating of organic products for oil new organic product bundles and strawberry. Computing the extent of products of the soil readiness of natural product for its quality given in. Crop sickness and creepy crawlies on products are recognizing forShow MoreRelatedAn Exploration On Identification Of Malady And Organic Product1397 Words   |  6 Pages ABSTRACT: An exploration on identification of malady and organic product evaluating is helpful for agribusiness and ranchers. By distinguishing kind of sickness in foods grown from the ground evaluating of natural product taking into account its quality. For discovery of illness obliged diverse elements of products of the soil characterized these elements. For organic product reviewing section the picture after division figure contaminated and solid part of foods grown from the ground in lightRead MorePlant Disease And Control Strategies For Plant Diseases Essay4993 Words   |  20 Pages ABSTRACT This topic presents disease of plant. The name of the disease is citrus canker which is bacterial disease. Firstly, Citrus Canker, cancrosis A, brought about by Xanthomonas campestris pv. citri, is a damaging problem of such products as grapefruit, sweet orange and tangelo. In any case, satsuma mandarin, Ponkan and Hassaku orange are impervious to the problem. Resistance of citrus species to ulcer, considering inalienable as well as obtained attributes. Secondly, This essay givesRead MoreLibrary Management204752 Words   |  820 Pages. 158 Methods of Departmentalization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159 Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160 Territory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161 Product . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162 x Contents Customer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162 Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Read MoreProject Mgmt296381 Words   |  1186 Pagesand Modeling for Complex World, First Edition Stevenson, Operations Management, 10th Edition Swink, Melnyk, Cooper, and Hartley, Managing Operations Across the Supply Chain, First Edition Thomke, Managing Product and Service Development: Text and Cases, First Edition Ulrich and Eppinger, Product Design and Development, Fourth Edition Zipkin, Foundations of Inventory Management, First Edition QUANTITATIVE METHODS AND MANAGEMENT SCIENCE Hillier and Hillier, Introduction to Management Science: A ModelingRead More_x000C_Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis355457 Words   |  1422 Pagessystems, or in any other manner—without the written permission of the publisher. Thomson Higher Education 10 Davis Drive Belmont, CA 94002-3098 USA For more information about our products, contact us at: Thomson Learning Academic Resource Center 1-800-423-0563 For permission to use material from this text or product, submit a request online at http://www.thomsonrights.com. Any additional questions about permissions can be submitted by e-mail to thomsonrights@thomson.com. Printed in the United